GSE102371: Functional Genomics Analysis of Islets from Recent and Longstanding T1D Reveals the Need for Distinct Approaches to Therapy

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GROUP CONDITION SAMPLES
islets of Langerhans
GSM2735597 GSM2735598 GSM2735599
GSM2735600
GSM2735601
Description

Submission Date: Aug 08, 2017

Summary: Our current understanding of the pathogenesis of T1D arose in large part from studies using the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Of concern, therapeutic interventions shown to significantly dampen or even reverse disease in mouse models have not successfully translated into interventions in human T1D. The present study addresses this disconnect in research translation by directly analyzing human donor islets from individuals with T1D, aiming to provide insight into disease mechanisms and identify potential target pathways for therapeutic intervention. We obtained human islets from a young individual with short-duration T1D, an older individual with long-duration T1D and three non-diabetic donors, and performed unbiased functional genomic analysis by high depth RNA sequencing on these unique cases. This analysis identified several inflammatory pathways upregulated in short-duration disease, which surprisingly included many components of innate immunity. Subsequent manipulation of one of these pathways/factors in NOD mice resulted in a significant reduction in diabetes progression when inhibition occurred early in disease progression. Taken together our data demonstrates that the direct analysis of human islets is essential for identifying relevant and promising novel targets for translation into effective therapeutic interventions for human T1D.

GEO Accession ID: GSE102371

PMID: 29569324

Description

Submission Date: Aug 08, 2017

Summary: Our current understanding of the pathogenesis of T1D arose in large part from studies using the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Of concern, therapeutic interventions shown to significantly dampen or even reverse disease in mouse models have not successfully translated into interventions in human T1D. The present study addresses this disconnect in research translation by directly analyzing human donor islets from individuals with T1D, aiming to provide insight into disease mechanisms and identify potential target pathways for therapeutic intervention. We obtained human islets from a young individual with short-duration T1D, an older individual with long-duration T1D and three non-diabetic donors, and performed unbiased functional genomic analysis by high depth RNA sequencing on these unique cases. This analysis identified several inflammatory pathways upregulated in short-duration disease, which surprisingly included many components of innate immunity. Subsequent manipulation of one of these pathways/factors in NOD mice resulted in a significant reduction in diabetes progression when inhibition occurred early in disease progression. Taken together our data demonstrates that the direct analysis of human islets is essential for identifying relevant and promising novel targets for translation into effective therapeutic interventions for human T1D.

GEO Accession ID: GSE102371

PMID: 29569324

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